rus
Technologies and Technology Equipment
V. P. Biryukov
Increasing the Service Life of Diesel Engines by Laser Cladding of Rapidly Wearing Parts The paper describes the results of metal micrographic, durometric, and tribological tests of 45H14N14SV2M steel specimens with the laser-applied coatings made of Co12 powder and a composite powder with tantalum nanocarbide. The performance of laser cladding process with an oscillating laser beam is 1.4–2.1 times higher than that of the process with a defocused laser beam. The Co12 coating microhardness was determined to be in the range of 4200–5800 MPa, while this parameter of the coatings with tantalum nanocarbide was 6400–7850 MPa. It was found that the introduction of tantalum nanocarbide into the furnace charge promotes the development of an ordered, finer-grained structure. The distribution of elements over the cross-section of the deposited coatings is fairly uniform. The wear resistance of the composite coating is 1.77 and 5.9 times higher than that of the Co12 coating and the base material, respectively. The critical sliding velocities of the coatings before seizure are significantly higher than the critical seizure velocities of the base steel across the entire pressure range being studied. The developed technology can be used for surfacing the diesel crankshaft journals, valves, camshafts, piston pins, and other diesel engine components.
Increasing the Service Life of Diesel Engines by Laser Cladding of Rapidly Wearing Parts The paper describes the results of metal micrographic, durometric, and tribological tests of 45H14N14SV2M steel specimens with the laser-applied coatings made of Co12 powder and a composite powder with tantalum nanocarbide. The performance of laser cladding process with an oscillating laser beam is 1.4–2.1 times higher than that of the process with a defocused laser beam. The Co12 coating microhardness was determined to be in the range of 4200–5800 MPa, while this parameter of the coatings with tantalum nanocarbide was 6400–7850 MPa. It was found that the introduction of tantalum nanocarbide into the furnace charge promotes the development of an ordered, finer-grained structure. The distribution of elements over the cross-section of the deposited coatings is fairly uniform. The wear resistance of the composite coating is 1.77 and 5.9 times higher than that of the Co12 coating and the base material, respectively. The critical sliding velocities of the coatings before seizure are significantly higher than the critical seizure velocities of the base steel across the entire pressure range being studied. The developed technology can be used for surfacing the diesel crankshaft journals, valves, camshafts, piston pins, and other diesel engine components.
D. D. Metlyaev
Application of Sophisticated Laser Technologies in Remote Dismantling of Various Metal Structures DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.196.202
The successful application of remote laser cutting technology has been demonstrated that is employed in the dismantling of reactor loop channel piping, fire suppression at the oil depots, and dismantling of decommissioned marine equipment. The technology for spot dismantling of the metal structure elements using laser radiation is presented, applied to the components located at heights of several tens of meters, such as the external service walkways, fire escapes, bunker frames, and high-altitude cranes. The results of remote laser cutting of a variable-cross-section shaft being a component of a marine shaft line, are shown.
Application of Sophisticated Laser Technologies in Remote Dismantling of Various Metal Structures DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.196.202
The successful application of remote laser cutting technology has been demonstrated that is employed in the dismantling of reactor loop channel piping, fire suppression at the oil depots, and dismantling of decommissioned marine equipment. The technology for spot dismantling of the metal structure elements using laser radiation is presented, applied to the components located at heights of several tens of meters, such as the external service walkways, fire escapes, bunker frames, and high-altitude cranes. The results of remote laser cutting of a variable-cross-section shaft being a component of a marine shaft line, are shown.
Conferences, exhibition & seminars
A. V. Naumov, N. L. Istomina
Key Areas of Modern Optics and Photonics, Quantum Technologies and Their Applications in Science and Industry On April 1, 2026, a meeting of the Scientific Council on Optics and Photonics of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences was held as part of the business program of the Photonics exhibition. The meeting focused on key results obtained in 2025 in Russian scientific organizations that have fundamental and practical significance in the field of modern optics, photonics, and quantum technologies. The review covers achievements in quantum computing, micro-resonator technologies, spectroscopy of interstellar ice, fluorescence nanoscopy and quantum sensing, nanotremometry, technologies of quantum-cascade lasers, coherent addition of laser beams, X-ray nanolithography, perovskite technologies, physics of semiconductor quantum dots, magnetoplasmonics.
Key Areas of Modern Optics and Photonics, Quantum Technologies and Their Applications in Science and Industry On April 1, 2026, a meeting of the Scientific Council on Optics and Photonics of the Department of Physical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences was held as part of the business program of the Photonics exhibition. The meeting focused on key results obtained in 2025 in Russian scientific organizations that have fundamental and practical significance in the field of modern optics, photonics, and quantum technologies. The review covers achievements in quantum computing, micro-resonator technologies, spectroscopy of interstellar ice, fluorescence nanoscopy and quantum sensing, nanotremometry, technologies of quantum-cascade lasers, coherent addition of laser beams, X-ray nanolithography, perovskite technologies, physics of semiconductor quantum dots, magnetoplasmonics.
Lasers & Laser Systems
Directly Diode Pumped Femtosecond Laser
The titanium-sapphire laser (Ti : Al2O3) has revolutionized laser physics and ultrashort pulse optics. With its unprecedentedly wide gain bandwidth (650–1100 nm), this crystal has become an ideal medium for generating and amplifying femtosecond pulses. For decades, titanium-sapphire-based systems have been indispensable in laboratories around the world, driving progress in fields such as multiphoton microscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, optical comb generation, optical coherence tomography, and femtosecond submicron material processing. Development of high-power laser diodes suitable to pump this unique laser material has opened new possibilities to build compact laser systems with output pulse durations shorter than 50 femtoseconds.
Opto-electronic systems and complexes
A. V. Gobov, I. V. Znamenskiy, E. O. Zotiev, S. Yu. Yudin
Detection of Small-Sized UAV-Type Targets DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.208.216
Research and Production Corporation “Precision Instrumentation Systems” JSC, Moscow, Russia
In the daytime, the short-wave infrared (SWIR) subrange is determined, at which the maximum signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. An energy calculation is performed in the SWIR range for a narrow and wide field of view of the optical-electronic system and the maximum range is determined. An energy calculation of the OES in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) range is performed and the maximum range is determined. The frame accumulation is used.
Detection of Small-Sized UAV-Type Targets DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.208.216
Research and Production Corporation “Precision Instrumentation Systems” JSC, Moscow, Russia
In the daytime, the short-wave infrared (SWIR) subrange is determined, at which the maximum signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. An energy calculation is performed in the SWIR range for a narrow and wide field of view of the optical-electronic system and the maximum range is determined. An energy calculation of the OES in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) range is performed and the maximum range is determined. The frame accumulation is used.
Microwave Photonics
E. S. Sulimski, I. V. Yakimenko
NA-CMT for Low-Contrast Dielectric Waveguide Arrays in the Sub-Terahertz Range DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.218.224
Branch of the National Research University “MPEI” in Smolensk, Smolensk, Russia
For a subterahertz radio vision system, the matching of the axisymmetric radiation from a conical horn antenna with the square field-of-view area of the receiving device is considered. A rectangular matrix receiver and a field former – a tetragonal 3×3 array of rectangular dielectric waveguides with low refractive-index contrast (εr = 1,03) at 97.8 GHz – are used. The formation of a quasi-uniform field is described using the numerically-assisted coupled-mode theory (NA-CMT).
NA-CMT for Low-Contrast Dielectric Waveguide Arrays in the Sub-Terahertz Range DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.218.224
Branch of the National Research University “MPEI” in Smolensk, Smolensk, Russia
For a subterahertz radio vision system, the matching of the axisymmetric radiation from a conical horn antenna with the square field-of-view area of the receiving device is considered. A rectangular matrix receiver and a field former – a tetragonal 3×3 array of rectangular dielectric waveguides with low refractive-index contrast (εr = 1,03) at 97.8 GHz – are used. The formation of a quasi-uniform field is described using the numerically-assisted coupled-mode theory (NA-CMT).
History Of Science And Technology
N.N.Schitov
The Notion of «Quasiparticles» in Photonics DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.236.240
The Notion of «Quasiparticles» in Photonics DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.236.240
Волоконно-оптические системы связи
N. V. Ilgovskaya, S. D. Utkin, R. I. Khan, O. V. Butov, A. B. Pnev
Measuring Device for the Optical Fiber Length DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.226.234
A method for measuring the length of single-mode optical fiber is proposed, based on the analysis of the power spectral density of differential phase noise in a Michelson interferometer employing the cleaved fiber ends as the reflectors. The signal processing algorithm includes demodulation based on the phase separation in a 3×3 optical coupler, estimation of the power spectral density approximation using the Welch’s method, and evaluation of the Michelson interferometer arm length difference by the least squares method. The experimental study has confirmed the method feasibility, demonstrating a length measurement resolution of 26 mm.
Measuring Device for the Optical Fiber Length DOI: 10.22184/1993-7296.FRos.2026.20.3.226.234
A method for measuring the length of single-mode optical fiber is proposed, based on the analysis of the power spectral density of differential phase noise in a Michelson interferometer employing the cleaved fiber ends as the reflectors. The signal processing algorithm includes demodulation based on the phase separation in a 3×3 optical coupler, estimation of the power spectral density approximation using the Welch’s method, and evaluation of the Michelson interferometer arm length difference by the least squares method. The experimental study has confirmed the method feasibility, demonstrating a length measurement resolution of 26 mm.